DNA and RNA Definition

Wiuh....today I got the message from my friends asking me how to calculate and analyze his research. OK I will try this "new job". BTW today I want to let you know about DNA. What is DNA exactly ?
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic acid. One of two types of molecules that encode genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak hydrogen bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The molecule forms a double helix in which two strands of DNA spiral about one other. The double helix looks something like an immensely long ladder twisted into a helix, or coil. The sides of the "ladder" are formed by a backbone of sugar and phospate molecules, and the "rungs" consist of nucleotide bases joined weakly in the middle by the hydrogen bonds.

There are four nucleotides in DNA. Each nucleotide contains a base: adenin (A), guanin (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T). Base pairs form naturally only between A and T and between G and C so the base sequence of each single strand of DNA can be simply deduced from that of its partner strand.

The in genetic code DNA is in triplets such as ATG. The base sequence of that triplet in the partner strand is therefore TAC.

The first proof that DNA was the hereditary material was provided in 1944 by Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty and Colin MacLoed. The double helical structure of DNA was discovered in 1953 by James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick with the invaluable collaboration of the X-ray crystallographer Rosalind Franklin. Watson and Crick shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Maurice H.F. Wilkins.

And what about RNA ?

RNA: Short for ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid molecule similar to DNAbut containing ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA is formed upon a DNA template. There are several classes of RNA molecules.

They play crucial roles in protein synthesis and other cell activities:

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that reflects the exact nucleoside sequence of the genetically active DNA. mRNA carries the "message" of the DNA to the cytoplasma of cells where protein is made in amino acid sequences specified by the mRNA.

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a short-chain type of RNA present in cells. There are 20 varieties of tRNA. Each variety combines with a specific amino acid and carries it along (transfers it), leading to the formation of protein with a specific amino acid arrangement dictated by DNA.

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosome. Ribosomal RNA functions as a nonspecific site for making polypeptides.

You see that DNA contains materials which develop our body, our characteristic, our mind, everything in our body including mind and thinking. And the miracle is that it can and always be heredited by ourself to our children.

OK...may it help you..